Aerials: Planning Permission

Anne Milton: To ask the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government if she will require all mobile telephone companies to apply for full planning permission for installation of mobile telephone masts.

Iain Wright: I refer the hon. Member to the answer given to the hon. Member for Twickenham (Dr. Cable) on 24 May 2007,  Official Report, column 1524W. We intend to review the permitted development rights in relation Part 24 of the Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) Order 1995. The aim of the review is to ensure that permitted development rights remain fit for purpose, particularly in the light of technological advances in telecommunications. I cannot prejudge the outcome of that review, but we will consult on any substantive proposals for change arising from it.

Departments: Pensions

David Simpson: To ask the Secretary of State for Defence how many and what percentage of staff in his Department are making additional voluntary contributions to their pensions; and what steps he has taken in the last 12 months to encourage more people to make such contributions.

Derek Twigg: Approximately 2,200 members of the Civil Service Pension arrangements in the Ministry of Defence (2.7 per cent. of the total Civil Service Pension schemes members employed by the Department) currently make additional voluntary pension contributions through deductions from their pay.
	Pension scheme members receive an annual benefit statement showing the pension built up to date, and also a projection of pension on retirement if the member continues in service to scheme pension age. The benefit statement provides details of the Civil Service Pensions website where staff can obtain further information, including on options for making additional voluntary contributions to boost their pension. The Defence Intranet also provides staff with information on how to boost their pension and an annual office notice is issued to remind staff of the opportunity to have non-consolidated pay or bonuses paid into an Additional Voluntary Contributions fund.

Military Bases: Wales

John Smith: To ask the Secretary of State for Defence 
	(1)  what information he has received from the Defence Training Review preferred bidder on the discussions it has had with  (a) business,  (b) local government and  (c) academic leaders in South Wales on future plans for MoD, St. Athan; and which organisations have taken part in such discussions;
	(2)  what information he has received from the Defence Training Review preferred bidder on discussions it has had with elected representatives in South Wales about future plans for MoD, St. Athan; and who took part in those discussions;
	(3)  what information he has received from the Defence Training Review preferred bidder on discussions it has had with local organisations and community groups in the Vale of Glamorgan on the future plans for MoD, St. Athan; and which organisations and groups were involved in those discussions.

Derek Twigg: Metrix UK meets regularly with members of the Welsh Assembly Government, Community Councils (Llantwit Major, St. Athan, Llanmaes, Llandow, St. Bride's, Ewenny, Wick, Llangan and St. Donat), local (South Wales) business leaders, leaders of all the main parties represented in the National Assembly.

Flood Control

Peter Ainsworth: To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs which local flood protection and prevention schemes for which cost benefit analysis has been undertaken, were cancelled or postponed in each of the last five years; and what the reasons for cancellation and postponement were in each case.

Phil Woolas: Operating authorities (OAs), that is, the Environment Agency, local authorities and internal drainage boards, are required to produce annual Medium Term Plans (MTPs) setting out their proposed flood protection and prevention schemes for the following three years. Each project will include some form of cost benefit analysis and this will form part of the calculation of the priority score for the scheme. A fully detailed cost benefit analysis is only likely to have been undertaken when a scheme comes forward for final approval either internally in the Environment Agency or, historically, by DEFRA.
	MTPs contain a mixture of schemes, some are well advanced and ready to proceed and others are in the early stages of design. There are many more schemes awaiting funding than are able to be afforded in any one year. The list of schemes in the MTP will be added to as new ones are identified by OAs and may displace others with lower priority scores. There are many schemes in the MTP for which a need can be defined but which have a very low priority score. These are unlikely to receive funding for many years, if at all, but are nevertheless promoted by the OA. These should not be regarded as "cancelled or postponed" because they have never received funding approval and, for this reason, the information is not available in the form requested.

Wood: Procurement

Roger Williams: To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs what percentage of the Government's  (a) domestic and  (b) imported timber supplies are procured from sustainable sources.

Joan Ruddock: There is not sufficient current data available from which accurate figures on Government's purchase of sustainably produced timber could be deduced. The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs is engaged on an exercise designed to identify options for developing a reliable system that all central Departments in England could use to report their timber purchases.

Departments: Private Finance Initiative

Jacqui Lait: To ask the Secretary of State for Transport what the total cost is of all private finance initiative projects for which her Department has responsibility completed since 1997; and what the projected cost is of such projects commissioned or underway.

Jim Fitzpatrick: The HM Treasury website provides updated details (on a six monthly basis) of awarded PFI projects overseen by the Department of Transport. The project details include the date of financial close, total capital value and the annual unitary charge payment. This information is available at:
	http://www.hm-treasurygov.uk/documents/public-private_partnerships/ppp_pfi_stats.cfm
	The Treasury website includes unitary charge payments up until 2033-34. The following projects overseen by the Department for Transport involve payments beyond that date:
	 Docklands Light Railway Woolwich  e xtension
	2034-35 estimated unitary charge £12.2 million
	 A1 Darrington to Dishforth
	2034-35 estimated unitary charge £52.2 million
	2035-36 estimated unitary charge £53.5 million
	 Doncaster interchange
	2034-35 estimated unitary charge £3.86 million
	2035-36 estimated unitary charge £3.86 million
	2036-37 estimated unitary charge £3.86 million
	2037-38 estimated unitary charge £3.86 million
	2038-39 estimated unitary charge £0.965 million
	The forecasts of future payments are subject to the performance of the private sector contractor.
	The unitary charge payments represent repayments of the capital (sum of the capital spend) of the project and will also frequently include inflation, service provision, capital repayments and major refurbishments.

Railway Stations: Chorley

Lindsay Hoyle: To ask the Secretary of State for Transport 
	(1)  if she will make a statement on progress being made on the development of a railway station at Buckshaw Village, Chorley;
	(2)  whether an agreement has been reached with rail operating companies for trains to stop at the proposed railway station at Buckshaw Village, Chorley; and if she will make a statement;
	(3)  when she expects work  (a) to begin and  (b) to be completed on the construction of the railway station at Buckshaw Village, Chorley.

Tom Harris: This is a project that is being led by Lancashire county council with Network Rail. I understand that Lancashire county council has yet to finalise the detailed project plan which would provide dates for key milestones, but that they are planning for the station to be operational by 2008 provided the funding is in place.

Railways

John Redwood: To ask the Secretary of State for Transport what the average load factor is, expressed as a percentage of seats occupied, on passenger trains running on the UK rail network.

Tom Harris: The Department only holds data pertaining to the morning and evening peaks for commuter services in London and the south-east, which is in the following table. It is not possible to disaggregate seats occupied from total capacity as data are not held in this form.
	
		
			   Total load factor 
			   Percentage 
			  Train operator  In am peak  In pm peak  Aggregated peaks 
			 one 82.0 75.2 78.7 
			 C2c 78.0 72.3 75.3 
			 Chiltern 72.5 61.5 66.9 
			 Southeastern 84.1 67.4 75.9 
			 Stagecoach South West Trains 89.3 70.6 80.0 
			 Southern 82.5 70.8 77.0 
			 First Great Western 90.0 71.5 81.1 
			 First Capital Connect 80.0 74.3 77.1 
			 Silverlink 72.8 65.1 68.9 
		
	
	The table is based on annual counts undertaken by train operators during autumn 2006. Data for other train operators running on the UK rail network are not available.

Departments: Hotels

Mark Hoban: To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer 
	(1)  pursuant to the answer of 20 June 2007,  Official Report, column 1879W, on Departments: hotels, if he will set out the figures for 2006-07 for  (a) HM Treasury,  (b) the Debt Management Office,  (c) the Royal Mint and  (d) the Office of Government Commerce, including subsistence, as in the answer of 16 October 2006,  Official  Report, column 1060W, on departmental expenditure;
	(2)  how much was spent by  (a) his Department,  (b) its agencies and  (c) its non-departmental public bodies on hotel and other privately-provided accommodation (i) in the UK and (ii) abroad for (A) Ministers, (B) staff and (C) others in 2006-07.

David Simpson: To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer how much was spent on overnight accommodation by civil servants within his Department's areas of responsibilities in the last 12 months.

Angela Eagle: The available information is presented in the following table. As explained in the answer given by the then Financial Secretary (John Healey) on 16( )October 2006, in most cases, the bodies' accounting systems do not record accommodation costs separately, so the figures are for subsistence, which includes accommodation and associated allowances for meals. Therefore further analysis could be provided only at disproportionate cost.
	Information relating to overseas travel by Ministers is published on an annual basis. Information for the period 2 May 1997 to 31 March 2006 is available in the Library of the House. Information for the financial year 2006-07 is currently being compiled and is due to be published, shortly.
	All travel and subsistence is conducted in accordance with the requirements of the Ministerial Code, Travel by Ministers and the Civil Service Management Code.
	
		
			  Department/Agency/NDPB  Type of Travel  2006-07 (£000) 
			 HM Treasury(1) UK 98 
			  Overseas 308 
			 Debt Management Office UK 3 
			  Overseas 3 
			 Office of Government Commerce UK 476 
			  Overseas 20 
			 OGCbuying.solutions(2) All 284 
			 Valuation Office Agency(3) All 633 
			 HM Revenue and Customs(4) UK 14,100 
			  Overseas 376 
			 Royal Mint(5) All 401 
			 National Savings and Investments All 121 
			 Office of National Statistics(6) UK 713 
			  Overseas 78 
			 Government Actuary's Department UK 7 
			  Overseas 15 
			 Statistics Commission UK 2 
			  Overseas 1 
			 (1) Treasury figures include Ministers, staff and other persons. (2 )OGCbuying.solutions figures are for accommodation only, excluding meals, including both UK and overseas accommodation. (3 )The Valuation Office Agency figure represents costs of UK and overseas accommodation only. Figures previously provided for preceding years have included subsistence and other supplementary costs which were unable to be separated except at disproportionate cost. The figure of £525,000 for 2006-07 provided on 20 June was subject to audit adjustments, which have now been agreed. (4 )The HM Revenue and Customs figures are for accommodation only, unlike figures previously reported for earlier years, where the method for recording such expenditure made disaggregating accommodation expenditure from subsistence possible only at disproportionate cost. (5) The amount for The Royal Mint includes both UK and overseas subsistence. (6 )The Office of National Statistics figures represent accommodation only. Figures previously reported for preceding years included travel and subsistence, as well as accommodation. The method of recording expenditure made disaggregating accommodation possible at disproportionate cost only.

NHS: Finance

Mark Hoban: To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer what preparations were made by HM Treasury for the introduction of the resource accounting and budgeting system in the NHS.

Andy Burnham: The Treasury fully introduced Resource Accounting and Budgeting to Government Departments in 2001 with the Resource Accounting Manual (RAM) and other guidance made available to Departments. HM Treasury also provided Resource Accounting and Budgeting training. The Government Financial Reporting Manual has now replaced the Resource Accounting Manual and is available at:
	www.financial-reporting.gov.uk
	The Department of Health introduced a version of Resource Accounting and Budgeting to the NHS. Guidance on introduction of RAB was issued to the NHS by the Department of Health in 2000 and consolidated guidance was issued in February 2001.

Government Departments

Mark Hoban: To ask the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster what the title is of each piece of guidance issued to Government departments by the Cabinet Office since 27 June 2007.

Gillian Merron: The Cabinet Office provides guidance and assistance to other government departments as necessary in carrying out their work. Most of this is of an informal nature between officials and as such it is not possible to provide the information requested.

Departments: Public Transport

Brian Jenkins: To ask the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs what incentives he has considered to encourage staff in his Department to use public transport.

Jim Murphy: The Foreign and Commonwealth Office does not offer its staff in the UK direct incentives to use public transport. However, we have in place policies which contribute to staff using more sustainable methods of transport. We provide an advance of salary to help staff obtain season tickets for home to office travel. We offer interest free loans for the purchase of bicycles, provide racks, showers and changing facilities. We also encourage staff to use a range of flexible working arrangements thereby reducing their travelling to and from work. Where public transport is available, the majority of our staff use it.

Infant Mortality

Ann McKechin: To ask the Secretary of State for International Development what steps his Department is taking to assist the development of health care systems to tackle infant mortality in developing countries; and if he will make a statement.

Shahid Malik: 40 per cent. of the 10.1 million childhood deaths take place within the first 28 days of life. Most infant deaths are preventable through access to basic health services, improved water and sanitation and better nutrition. Improving the health of infants goes hand-in-hand with improving the health of mothers. Levels of infant mortality are reducing in countries like Malawi, Tanzania and Bangladesh where DFID long-term funding is assisting governments to invest in health workers, increasing access to family planning and skilled birth attendants at delivery, and increasing basic child health services such as immunisation, and treatment for pneumonia and diarrhoeal diseases.

Aid to Africa

David Evennett: To ask the Secretary of State for International Development what steps he is taking to improve the mechanisms for the delivery of aid to Africa.

Gareth Thomas: DFID is strongly committed to improving the delivery of aid in Africa. In 2005 we helped secure international agreement for principles to improve the effectiveness of donors' efforts. We have improved predictability of our aid by making multi-year commitments of budget support, for instance in Ghana, Tanzania and Mozambique and have a strong set of controls to manage the risk of misuse of funds, and we seek to strengthen partner government financial systems.

Congo

Eric Joyce: To ask the Secretary of State for International Development what recent discussions he has had with non-governmental organisations which operate within the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Gareth Thomas: DFID is in regular contact with British, international and Congolese NGOs working in DRC to discuss the programmes we fund as well as the broader development context.

Ethiopia: Overseas Aid

John Battle: To ask the Secretary of State for International Development whether there are any plans to review British aid to Ethiopia with a view to enhancing the programme when the treason trials are completed and the civil society activists detained are freed; and if he will make a statement.

Gareth Thomas: DFID is currently preparing a new country strategy to support implementation of the Ethiopian government's poverty strategy. The level and focus of DFID support will depend on an assessment of the Ethiopian government's policies and plans on growth, poverty reduction and governance. We will be reviewing the track record of the government on poverty reduction, priorities included in the new national plan for growth and poverty reduction, policies in place to improve the quality and effectiveness of government systems and commitments on governance and human rights.
	Within this context, we continue to follow closely the trials of opposition politicians and civil society leaders on which further developments are expected.

Sudan: Overseas Aid

Julie Morgan: To ask the Secretary of State for International Development what aid he has committed to improve the humanitarian situation in Darfur.

Douglas Alexander: Since October 2003 DFID has committed over £145 million to emergency relief operations in Darfur. The UK has also contributed £73 million to the African Union Mission in Sudan for the protection of civilians.
	DFID has led international efforts for an effective humanitarian response in Sudan. We are pressing the government of Sudan to remove bureaucratic obstacles that inhibit work on the ground. We support the Common Humanitarian Fund, which allows the UN Humanitarian Co-ordinator to direct resources towards those in greatest need.
	The Government will continue to work vigorously and at the highest level to secure a lasting peace in Darfur.

Vandalism

Mark Durkan: To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland what steps have been taken to reduce the incidence of criminal damage in Northern Ireland.

Paul Goggins: The Northern Ireland Office Community Safety Unit funds and supports 26 multi-agency Community Safety Partnerships across the whole of Northern Ireland to undertake projects to tackle crime and antisocial behaviour, including criminal damage, in their areas.
	Organisations represented on the CSPs, including the Police Service of Northern Ireland, are also engaged in their own right in the delivery of projects and initiatives which will contribute to reduction of crime and antisocial behaviour, including criminal damage. In addition, the National Intelligence Model enables police commanders to identify crime problem areas such as prolific criminal damage and allocate resources to deal with it.

Access to Work

Danny Alexander: To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions what the level of unmet demand has been in relation to applications for support under the Access to Work scheme during the last five years.

Anne McGuire: Access to Work is a demand led programme and the budget has increased year-on-year to cope with the extra numbers of customers and has more than quadrupled since 1997, helping three times as many people. During the last five years, all customers who have been eligible for help under the current programme rules have been offered helped through Access to Work. Therefore, there has not been any unmet demand.

Redundancies: JobCentre Plus

Mark Pritchard: To ask the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions how many JobCentre Plus staff have been made redundant since July 2006.

Anne McGuire: There have been no compulsory redundancies in Jobcentre Plus since July 2006.

Class Sizes: Secondary Education

Nigel Evans: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families what the average class size was in  (a) comprehensive,  (b) grammar and  (c) independent schools in (i) the Ribble Valley and (ii) England in each of the last five years.

Jim Knight: holding answer 5 July 2007
	 The available information is shown in the table. Information on class sizes is not collected from independent schools.
	
		
			  Maintained secondary schools( 1) : Average class size( 2) —2003-07 position in January each year—Ribble Valley parliamentary constituency 
			   Ribble Valley parliamentary constituency  England 
			   Grammar schools( 3)  Other secondary schools  All maintained secondary schools  Grammar schools( 3)  Other secondary schools  All maintained secondary schools 
			 2003 20.3 22.8 22.3 20.7 21.9 21.9 
			 2004 20.9 23.2 22.9 20.4 21.9 21.8 
			 2005 20.3 23.2 22.8 20.4 21.7 21.7 
			 2006 19.3 23.0 22.4 20.2 21.5 21.5 
			 2007(4) 20.9 22.2 22.0 20.1 21.3 21.2 
			 (1) Includes middle schools as deemed. (2) One teacher classes as taught during a single selected period on the day of the census. (3) School type as reported by schools. There is currently one grammar school in Ribble Valley parliamentary constituency. (4) Provisional data.  Source: School Census

Classroom Assistants: Mathematics

Mark Hoban: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families pursuant to the answer of 11 June 2007,  Official Report, column 783W, on classroom assistants: mathematics, 
	(1)  what assessment his Department has made of the degree to which the scheme is meeting its objectives;
	(2)  when the scheme began; and how much funding his Department gave to the scheme in each financial year since it started.

Jim Knight: The Student Associate Scheme began in the academic year 2003-04, The following table details the budget for each academic year to date. The scheme has proved to be extremely successful with schools, higher education institutions and undergraduates. Its two twin aims are to use the undergraduates as role models for school pupils and to encourage bright undergraduates into initial teacher training (ITT) by giving them a taste of life in front of a classroom. The Training and Development Agency for Schools, who administer the scheme, are about to carry out an assessment process which will try to ascertain how successful the scheme has been in terms of its twin aims. Data should be available in October 2007. However, previous limited research suggests that around 40 per cent. of participating undergraduates go on to ITT, In recognition of its success, the Treasury will announce on 5 July 2007 that the scheme will be extended and placements doubled over a three year period.
	
		
			  Student Associate Scheme 
			   £ million 
			  Academic year  Budget 
			 2003-04 7.5 
			 2004-05 10.0 
			 2005-06 16.6 
			 2006-07 11.9 
			 2007-08 11.9 
			 Total 57.9

Departments: Manpower

Theresa May: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families how many employees of the former Department for Education and Skills moved  (a) within his Department and  (b) out of his Department on its creation.

Kevin Brennan: Following the creation of the Department for Children, Schools and Families:
	 (a) A total of 2,890 former Department for Education and Skills staff will be employed in my Department; and
	 (b) a total of 560 former Department for Education and Skills staff will move to the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills.
	This position may change as we work further through the details of establishing the new Departments,

Departments: Public Transport

David Simpson: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families what estimate his Department has made of the number of its staff using public transport to commute.

Kevin Brennan: The Department was created on 28 June 2007 and does not hold up to date information on staff using public transport to commute. We plan to carry out a survey and develop a travel plan for the new Department later this year.

Drama: Curriculum

Nick Gibb: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families what changes are planned to the number of Shakespeare plays that may be offered for study by schools at Key Stage 3 from 2009 onwards; and if he will make a statement.

Jim Knight: It is the QCA's responsibility to set and maintain standards independently of Government. They have decided to make a choice of two Shakespeare plays, rather than three, available for the KS3 English test from 2009. They have based their decision on the historically low take up by schools (less than 5 per cent.) of the third option. There will be no reduction in the standard or quality of the assessment of Shakespeare.

Primary Education: Literacy

Nigel Evans: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families what the average reading age was of pupils aged  (a) five,  (b) six,  (c) seven,  (d) eight,  (e) nine,  (f) 10 and  (g) 11 in primary schools in each of the last five years.

Jim Knight: holding answer 5 July 2007
	The requested information is not available. The Department does not collect data on the reading ages of individual pupils.
	The Department does however; collect data on pupils' achievements in reading at the end of key stage 1 teacher assessments and at the end of the key stage 2 national curriculum tests, The target level at key stage 1 is level 2 in reading. At key stage 2 the target level in English is level 4. Key stage 2 pupils are assessed in both reading and writing to arrive at their overall level in the English test. In 2006, 84 per cent. of pupils achieved level 2 or above in reading and 83 per cent. of pupils achieved level 4 or above.
	The Government commissioned the independent review of the teaching of early reading, led by Jim Rose, to find ways to raise standards in reading even further. The review recommended that all children should follow a programme of systematic phonics teaching, This recommendation has been implemented in the revised primary framework for teaching literacy, which was published last year.

Primary and Secondary Education: Pupil Exclusions

Nigel Evans: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families 
	(1)  how many primary school pupils were excluded in  (a) the Ribble Valley and  (b) England in the last five years;
	(2)  how many secondary school pupils were excluded from secondary schools in  (a) the Ribble Valley and  (b) England in the last five years.

Jim Knight: holding answer 5 July 2007
	The information requested is shown in the following tables.
	
		
			  Maintained primary and secondary schools( 1) : number and percentage op exclusions 2001-02 to 2005-06: Ribble Valley parliamentary constituency 
			   Maintained primary 
			   Ribble Valley  England( 2) 
			   Number of permanent exclusions  Percentage  of school population( 3)  Number of permanent exclusions  Percentage  of school population( 3)  Number of permanent exclusions  Percentage  of school population( 3)  Number of permanent exclusions  Percentage  of school population( 3) 
			 2001-02 (4)— (4)— (5)— (5)— 1,450 0.03 (5)— (5)— 
			 2002-03 (4)— (4)— (5)— (5)— 1,300 0.03 (5)— (5)— 
			 2003-04 0 (6)— 21 0.25 1,270 0.03 41,300 0.97 
			 004-05 0 (6)— 22 0.26 1,000 0.03 43,720 1.04 
			 2005-06 (4)— (4)— (5)— (5)— 970 0.02 (5)— (5)— 
		
	
	
		
			   Maintained secondary 
			   Ribble Valley  England( 2) 
			   Number of permanent exclusions  Percentage  of school population( 3)  Number of permanent exclusions  Percentage  of school population( 3)  Number of permanent exclusions  Percentage  of school population( 3)  Number of permanent exclusions  Percentage  of school population( 3) 
			 2001-02 16 0.9 (5)— (5)— 7,740 0.24 (5)— (5)— 
			 2002-03 20 0.23 (5)— (5)— 7,890 0.23 (5)— (5)— 
			 2003-04 21 0.24 806 9.21 8,320 0.25 288,040 8.66 
			 2004-05 21 0.24 779 8.83 8,070 0.24 329,680 9.94 
			 2005-06 14 0.16 804 9.13 7,990 0.24 343,840 10.40 
			 (1) Includes middle schools as deemed. (2) National figures have been rounded to the nearest 10. (3) Number of exclusions expressed as a percentage of the number (headcount) of all pupils (excluding dually registered pupils). (4) Fewer than three, or a rate based on fewer than three. (5) Not available. (6) Not applicable.  Source: School census

Pupils: Basic Skills

John Hayes: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families what steps his Department is taking to improve the standard of basic skills of school leavers.

Jim Knight: The percentage of 16-year-olds achieving five A*-C GCSE grades or equivalent has risen from 45.1 per cent. in 1997 to 58.1 per cent. In 2006.
	Teaching literacy and maths at primary school is the essential foundation for every child's learning. Last year we revised the primary framework for literacy and mathematics for the first time since the national literacy and numeracy strategies were introduced. The revised document embeds best practice in systematic phonics teaching, as recommended by the Rose review, and raises expectations for pupils' progress. For example they are expected to learn their times tables a year earlier.
	We have provided schools with significant funding for personalised learning: reaching £900 million this year. This can be used to support small group and one-to-one tuition for those who have fallen behind national expectations in English and maths. The Budget announced further funding sufficient to provide an average of 10 hours of one-to-one tuition in schools for over 300,000 under-attaining pupils a year in both English and mathematics by 2010-11. We have provided schools with guidance and support on how to help pupils who are at risk of falling behind in English and maths through programmes such as Study Plus, which targets pupils who are struggling with English and maths at Key Stage 4 (ages 14 to 16). Changes to the curriculum at KS3 will also, over time, support higher standards of literacy and numeracy.
	We know that demonstrating basic competence and the ability to apply practically what they learn in English, maths and ICT is vital to young people's future employability. Competence in functional skills in these areas will be tested as an important part of the new diplomas for 14 to 19-year-olds which are being piloted from September 2008 and will be available nationally from 2013. For students embarking on GCSEs in English, maths and ICT from September 2010, it will also be necessary to demonstrate the appropriate level of functional skills in order to obtain a pass at grades A* to G* Pilots of functional skills will be taking place in a range of schools and colleges across England from this September, supported by a programme of professional development for teachers to support the necessary changes in teaching and learning.

Pupils: Per Capita Costs

Nigel Evans: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families what amount in  (a) percentage and  (b) real terms the Government have spent on (i) primary and (ii) secondary schools from its education budget in the last five years.

Jim Knight: holding answer 11 July 2007
	The requested figures are in the following table. These are extracted from table 12.3 of the 2007 Department for Education and Skills departmental report, a link to which follows:
	http://www.dfes.gov.uk/publications/deptreport2007/
	
		
			  Education expenditure( 1)  by central and local government( 2)  by sector in real terms( 3)  in England 2002-03 to 2006-07 
			  £ million 
			  Schools( 4)  2002-03 outturn  2003-04 outturn  2004-05 outturn  2005-06 provisional outturn  2006 -07 estimated outturn 
			 Primary(5) 10,188 10,785 10,911 11,350 11,640 
			 Percentage of education expenditure 22.3 21.6 21.0 20.6 20.7 
			   
			 Secondary 12,944 14.295 14,869 15,454 15,822 
			 Percentage of education expenditure 28.3 28.6 28.6 28.0 28.2 
			   
			 Total education expenditure (real terms) 45,697 49,992 51,998 55,168 56,121 
			 (1) Figures within departmental expenditure limits (DEL), Excludes DfES administration costs and expenditure on other areas than education, for instance on children and families and on skills. (2) The recurrent focal authority figures in this table are drawn from Table 8.4 of the 2007 departmental report; the footnotes to that table set out the underlying data sources. Central Government figures are drawn from the Combined Online Information System (COINS). (3) All figures have been converted to 2005-06 price levels using the 28 March 2007 gross domestic product (GDP) deflators. (4) Figures from 2003-04 onwards reflect the transfer of responsibility from the Department to LEAs of costs relating to teachers' pensions, (5) Primary figures exclude expenditure on under fives.

Schools: Admissions

Robert Wilson: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families how many surplus places there were in  (a) primary schools and  (b) secondary schools in each local education authority on 1 January 2007, broken down by school type; and how many schools of each type there were in each authority.

Jim Knight: The number of surplus places in primary and secondary schools in each local authority at January 2006 is contained in the following tables which have been placed in the House Libraries.
	The number of surplus places in primary and secondary schools at January 2007, broken down by school type, is currently being collected from local authorities and will be published in January 2008; This is the first year that the Department has collected surplus places data by school type. Surplus places data is published on Teachernet at:
	http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/management/fallingschoolrolls/context/stats/

Schools: Literacy

John Hayes: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families 
	(1)  what progress has been made on the review of the national literacy strategy; and if he will make a statement;
	(2)  what measures his Department is taking to improve the standard of literacy in schools.

Jim Knight: We commissioned the Independent Review of the Teaching of Early Reading—carried out by Jim Rose—to inform our efforts to improve standards of literacy in primary schools.
	We have revised the primary framework for literacy and mathematics for the first time since the national literacy strategy was introduced in 1998, putting phonics at the heart of the teaching of reading. The renewed framework and associated training are the key vehicle for implementing Jim Rose's recommendations.
	To provide further support to teachers we have produced a full, high quality, phonics teaching programme—'Letters and Sounds'—which was published on 30 April
	We are also providing support for children who struggle to learn to read through the Every Child a Reader programme. This three year, £10 million pilot, funded in partnership with the KPMG Foundation and other charitable and corporate funders, is helping 5,000 six year-olds with significant literacy difficulties to learn to read, EGAR will be rolled out nationally from 2008-09, benefiting over 30,000 children a year by 2010-11.
	Our reforms to the secondary curriculum are designed to support the continued development of functional skills in English, maths and-ICT. The curriculum changes proposed by QCA would also create flexibility for teachers to tailor the curriculum to provide extra support for children who are at risk of falling behind in English or maths.
	In addition to developing literacy skills, we are also taking steps to encourage a broader appreciation of English; for example through our Boys into Books programme, which has made a selection of books likely to appeal to boys available to all secondary schools. We have also worked with the Globe Theatre to develop a podcast to help children to study Much Ado About Nothing.

Schools: Oxfordshire

Tony Baldry: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families pursuant to his predecessor's answer of 27 June 2007,  Official Report, column 331, 
	(1)  what the locations are of the six new schools in North Oxfordshire;
	(2)  what the names are of the 16 schools refurbished in North Oxfordshire;
	(3)  which of the 549 classrooms refurbished are in North Oxfordshire.

Jim Knight: The data collected is for Oxfordshire county council, rather than North Oxfordshire, and gives school names rather than locations. A summary of the information is available in the House Library.
	The six new schools built are:
	
		
			  Year opened  School name 
			 1998-99 The Ace centre Nursery School 
			 1999-2000 Ladygrove Park Primary School 
			 2000-01 Bure Park Primary School 
			 2002-03 St. John the Evangelist CofE Primary School 
			 2003-04 Hanwell Fields Community School 
			 2003-04 Madley Brook Community Primary School 
		
	
	The 16 schools referred to, which are existing schools that have been rebuilt rather than refurbished, are:
	
		
			  Year opened  School name 
			 1997-88 Wallingford School 
			 1998-99 Grandpont Nursery School 
			 1999-2000 Hanborough Manor CofE School 
			 1999-2000 Watlington Primary School 
			 2002-03 Bishopswood School 
			 2002-03 Chilton Count Primary School 
			 2002-03 Kingfisher School 
			 2002-03 Sandhills Community Primary School 
			 2002-03 Shenington Church of England Primary School 
			 2003-04 Springfield School 
			 2003-04 SS Philip and James' Church of England Aided Primary School Oxford 
			 2003-04 Wantage Church of England Primary School 
			 2005-06 Fritwell Church of England Primary School 
			 2006-07 Elms Road Nursery School and Daycare 
			 2006-07 Nettlebed Community School 
			 2006-07 St. Gregory the Great VA Catholic Secondary School 
		
	
	A further 20 schools have had 50 per cent. or more of their floor area refurbished:
	
		
			  Year completed  School name 
			 2001-02 Bardwell School 
			 2001-02 Slade Nursery School 
			 2001-02 Thameside Primary School 
			 2002-03 Bayards Hill Primary School 
			 2002-03 SS Mary and John Church of England Primary School 
			 2002-03 Windmill Primary School 
			 2003-04 Badgemore Community School 
			 2003-04 Caldecott Primary School 
			 2003-04 Cherwell School (The) 
			 2003-04 The John Henry Newman CE (A) Primary School 
			 2003-04 Whitchurch Primary School 
			 2004-05 Leafield Church of England (Controlled) Primary School 
			 2004-05 Oxfordshire Pupil Referral Unit and Integration Service 
			 2005-06 Bartlemas Nursery School 
			 2005-06 Benson Church of England Primary School 
			 2005-06 Orchard Meadow Primary School 
			 2005-06 South Stoke Primary School 
			 2005-06 Uffington Church of England Primary School 
			 2006-07 Mabel Prichard School 
			 2006-07 Marsh Baldon Church of England Controlled School

Secondary Education: Curriculum

John Hayes: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families if he will make a statement on the implementation of his Department's proposals for reform of the 14 to 19 curriculum.

Jim Knight: The Department has made substantial progress in delivering the objectives published in December 2005 in the 14-19 Implementation Plan. We have met all major milestones to date as set out in chapter 5 of the implementation plan and are working closely with our key partners and are on track with the activities for 2007 and beyond.
	14-19 reform continues to be a key priority of the Department for Children, Schools and Families.
	I refer the hon. Member to the replies given to the hon. Member for Bognor Regis and Littlehampton (Mr. Gibb) earlier this year, 6 February 2007,  Official Report, column 831W, and 26 February 2007,  Official Report, column 1017W.

Specialised Diplomas

Nick Gibb: To ask the Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families what plans he has to change the functional skills requirement of the level 2 specialised diploma.

Jim Knight: There are no plans to change the functional skills requirement of the level 2 Diploma.

Departments: Opinion Leader Research

Mark Hoban: To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport what the value is of  (a) all payments by his Department to Opinion Leader Research since 1997 and  (b) the payment to Opinion Leader Research for It's The Taking Part That Counts.

Gerry Sutcliffe: There have been no payments made by my Department to Opinion Leader Research since 1997. "It's the taking part that counts" was a report commissioned by Camelot, therefore no payments were made to Opinion Leader Research by my Department.

Obesity: Children

Don Foster: To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport what progress his Department has made towards its public service agreement target to halt the year-on-year rise in obesity among children under 11 by 2010.

Gerry Sutcliffe: Given the complexity of this public health challenge, DCMS shares this target with the Department of Health and with the Department for Children, Schools and Families.
	The three Departments are working together, through joint cross-departmental programme management arrangements, on six fronts: to change population attitudes towards eating and activity; helping children to be active and eat healthily; supporting targeted local-level obesity interventions in children; raising awareness of the importance of healthy weight to children and parents; working with local partners on delivery; and developing the knowledge base.
	My Department's contribution to this programme of work is chiefly through making children and families more physically active via children's play, school sport and community sport; improving children's diet via our work with Ofcom on restricting promotion and advertising to children of foods high in fat, salt and sugar; and our work with the hospitality sector to promote healthier food choices.
	Through the Big Lottery Fund £155 million Play initiative local authorities are able to develop free open access play provision in areas of greatest need in England.
	And on broadcast food promotion we have worked with Ofcom to produce new rules that ban the advertising of high fat, salt sugar foods in and around all children's programming; on dedicated children's channels; and in programmes of particular appeal to children under the age of 16. Ofcom have also introduced new rules on the content of advertisements targeted at primary school children. These rules ban the use of celebrities and characters licensed from third-parties (such as cartoons), promotional claims (such as free gifts) and health or nutrition claims. Ofcom announced the new rules in February 2007.
	The National School Sport Strategy, jointly implemented by DCMS and DCSF, is a key component of a "whole school" programme of addressing obesity. The 2005-06 school sport survey found that overall, 80 per cent. of pupils participate in at least two hours of high quality PE and school sport a week. This exceeded the target of 75 per cent. for 2006 and demonstrates a considerable increase from the estimated 25 per cent. in 2002. This target will rise to 85 per cent. by 2008. By 2010 the ambition is to offer all children at least four hours of sport a week.
	We are also working with school sports partnerships to increase participation in physical activity by overweight and obese children.

Tourism

Don Foster: To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport how many  (a) overseas and  (b) domestic tourists visited England in each year since 1997.

Margaret Hodge: The following tables show the number of visits to England by  (a) overseas residents and  (b) UK residents where this included an overnight stay.
	
		
			  Inbound visits to England 
			   Visits  (million) 
			 1997 19.6 
			 1998 19.9 
			 1999 21.5 
			 2000 21.5 
			 2001 19.3 
			 2002 20.5 
			 2003 21.1 
			 2004 23.6 
			 2005 25.3 
			 2006 (provisional) 27.0 
			  Source: International Passenger Survey (ONS) 
		
	
	
		
			  Domestic overnight trips in England 
			   Visits (million) 
			 1997 125.6 
			 1998 115.4 
			 1999 137.7 
			 2000 140.4 
			 2001 131.9 
			 2002 134.9 
			 2003 121.3 
			 2004 101.4 
			 2005 111.2 
			 2006 101.8 
			  Source:  UK Tourism Survey (National Tourist Boards)(1) 
		
	
	In addition, a substantial number of day visits are made to, or within, England. The last Leisure Visits Survey in 2005 recorded a total of 870 million tourism day visits to destinations in England by English residents. It is not possible to provide a time series for this information as the surveys are run intermittently.
	(1)( )The methodology for the UKTS changed in 2005 meaning that comparisons with previous years should be treated with caution. This change occurred due to concerns with the quality of 2004 data, which is thought to be an under-representation of the true position. There was also a change in survey methodology in 2000, though figures for 1997-99 have been reworked to allow comparisons with the later data.

Tourism: Marketing

Don Foster: To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport what the total expenditure from the public purse was on promoting England as a tourist destination  (a) domestically and  (b) internationally in each year since 1997.

Margaret Hodge: VisitBritain has been responsible for the marketing of England as a tourist destination since April 2003, and has been advised in this by the England Marketing Advisory Board. Until the beginning of 2005-06, VisitBritain marketed England only within Britain. Under the new Strategy agreed by the Department and the Devolved Administrations of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland in March 2005, VisitBritain now additionally markets England as a tourist destination in France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the Republic of Ireland.
	
		
			  VisitBritain's spending on marketing England since 2003 
			£ million 
			   Marketing within Britain  International marketing 
			 2003-04 12.251 0 
			 2004-05 13.163 0 
			 2005-06 13.062 1.228 
			 2006-07 12.458 1.295 
		
	
	Before 2003, England was marketed internationally by the British Tourist Authority as part of its remit to promote and market the whole of Britain. The expenditure incurred cannot be broken down by the constituent nations of Britain.
	These figures do not include public spending by the Regional Development Agencies, the Regional Tourist Boards, and other bodies, seeking to promote particular areas of England in domestic and international markets.

Tourism: Marketing

Don Foster: To ask the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport how much of VisitBritain's overseas marketing budget was used to promote tourism to  (a) England,  (b) Scotland,  (c) Wales and  (d) Northern Ireland in each year since 2003.

Margaret Hodge: VisitBritain does not disaggregate its spending on marketing Britain by country or territory. Its marketing campaigns are based around market sectors or themes, such as heritage or sport, and usually involve the promotion of many locations throughout Britain.
	However, VisitBritain has marketed England in Germany, France, the Netherlands, and the Republic of Ireland since 2005, with the agreement of the devolved administrations of Scotland and Wales. Spending for that purpose, from VisitBritain's budget was as follows:
	2005-06: £1.2 million;
	2006-07: £1.3 million.
	VisitBritain's marketing budget does not cover Northern Ireland, for which Tourism Ireland is responsible.

Departments: DVDs

Andrew Lansley: To ask the Secretary of State for Health if he will list the titles of all DVDs produced by his Department in the last 12 months; what the cost to the public purse was of developing each; how many were produced of each; and what the overall cost to the public purse was of each, inclusive of all development, production and distribution costs.

Dawn Primarolo: It is not possible to list the titles of all DVD's produced by the Department in the last 12 months, as this information is not held centrally. To attempt to gather this information would incur disproportionate costs.

Health Professionals Council: Finance

Sandra Gidley: To ask the Secretary of State for Health what funding his Department made to the Health Professionals Council prior to April 2004.

Ben Bradshaw: According to our records the amount of funding that was provided to the Health Professions Council for its establishment was £3,804,467.38 between 2002 and 2004.

Members: Correspondence

Simon Burns: To ask the Secretary of State for Health pursuant to the Answer to the hon. Member for West Chelmsford's intervention on 3 July,  Official Report, column 854, in the Access to the NHS Services debate and following the meeting of the then Minister of State with the hon. Member for West Chelmsford on 16 May 2007, on the proposed independent sector treatment centre (ISTC) at Braintree, when he expects to reply to the right hon. Member for West Chelmsford on the impact of the ISTC on Broomfield Hospital.

Ben Bradshaw: holding answer 10 July 2007
	 The Department is in discussion with NHS East of England and Essex Primary Care Trusts with regard to their provision of robust local demand and capacity information, which is currently being finalised, in relation to a proposed Independent Sector Treatment Centre for Braintree. Once available, this information will be considered, along with wider information in relation to the scheme, by the Department and a reply to the points raised by the hon. Member for West Chelmsford will be provided. A copy will be placed in the Library.

NHS: Buildings

Norman Lamb: To ask the Secretary of State for Health what the  (a) value and  (b) total gross internal area was in each of the last three financial years of the building stock on the NHS estate built (i) before 1948, (ii) from 1948 to 1954, (iii) from 1955 to 1964, (iv) from 1965 to 1974, (v) from 1975 to 1984, (vi) from 1985 to 1994, (vii) from 1995 to 2004 and (viii) since 2005.

Ben Bradshaw: The data requested are in the table.
	
		
			   2003-04  2004-05  2005-06 
			  Year of construction  Value  (£ million)  Gross internal area (sq m)  Value (£ million)  Gross internal area (sq m)  Value (£ million)  Gross internal area (sq m) 
			 Pre-1948 3,399 6,612,400 3,622 5,406,460 3,906 5,528,235 
			 From 1948-54 228 493,443 263 436,970 267 373,790 
			 From 1955-64 658 1,446,308 637 1,262,748 758 1,300,259 
			 From 1965-74 2,789 4,959,605 2,701 4,141,706 3,181 4,787,199 
			 From 1975-84 3,030 4,393,995 3,003 4,158,590 3,546 4,579,141 
			 From 1985-94 4,164 4,398,699 4,054 3,629,552 4,719 4,233,166 
			 From 1995-2004 3,909 3,813,554 4,546 3,993,267 4,166 3,786,620 
			 Since 2005 n/a n/a n/a n/a 1,424 1,010,664 
			 n/a = not applicable 
		
	
	The data are as provided by the national health service and has not been amended centrally.
	The accuracy and completeness of this data is the responsibility of the provider organisation.

NHS: Equality

Andrew Lansley: To ask the Secretary of State for Health for what reasons his Department's Gender Equity Project had difficulty gaining access to a contact list of England's Directors of Public Health, as stated on page 15 of his Department's Gender Equity Audit Report, published on 8 June 2007; what steps he has taken to ensure his Department has access to an up-to-date contact list of Directors of Public Health; and if he will make a statement.

Dawn Primarolo: At the time of the project the Department had a list of Regional Public Health Directors but did not have a detailed contact list of all Public Health Directors working in over 302 primary care trusts across England. However, 155 of the 279 invitations were sent directly to Directors of Public Health, Further to the reconfiguration in 2006 a more streamlined approach is now taken when seeking information from national health service organisations. The Chief Executive Bulletin is used to filter down information, and requests for information, to appropriate personnel in the NHS.

NHS: Repairs and Maintenance

Norman Lamb: To ask the Secretary of State for Health what the total cost was of building and engineering maintenance on the NHS estate in each of the last three financial years.

Ben Bradshaw: The information requested is provided in the following table.
	
		
			  Total building and engineering maintenance costs 
			  £ million 
			 2003-04 513.6 
			 2004-05 556.1 
			 2005-06 574.8 
		
	
	The costs relate to the amount spent by the national health service in England on the ongoing and day-to-day provision of building and engineering maintenance services.
	The data provided have not been amended centrally and the accuracy and completeness of this data is the responsibility of the provider organisation.

NHS: Standards

Andrew Lansley: To ask the Secretary of State for Health whether his Department has undertaken any analysis of the NHS's performance relative to other countries' health care systems in the last two years.

Ben Bradshaw: Yes. International comparisons of health care performance are analysed in support of policy-making and evaluation when such comparisons may be instructive.
	The Department also studies international comparative analysis undertaken by others, such as that carried out by the Organisation for Economic CO-operation and Development, The Commonwealth Fund and the Picker Institute.
	We have commissioned specific reviews for particular policy issues, including "Health care outside hospital: accessing generalist and specialist care in eight countries, and Capacity planning in health care: reviewing the international experience". These are publicly available at:
	www.euro.who.int/Document/E89259.pdf
	www.euro.who.int/Document/Obs/EuroObserver9_l.pdf
	The Department has also published comparisons of performance on a range of indicators in the report "Health Profile of England", which has been placed in the Library and is also available at:
	www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/idcpig?IdcService=GET_FILE&dID=22190&Rendition=Web
	Tackling health inequalities is an international issue and was a key health theme for the United Kingdom presidency of the European Union in 2005. As part of the presidency, the UK commissioned "Health Inequalities: Europe in Profile", which is available in the Library and at:
	www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalasset5/@dh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_4121584.pdf.

NHS: Standards

Andrew Lansley: To ask the Secretary of State for Health if he will make it his policy that data collected through the Quality and Outcomes Framework of the new General Medical Services contract should require gender-specific information.

Ben Bradshaw: The data for the Quality and Outcomes Framework is collected by the Quality Measurement Analysis System (QMAS). QMAS does not have the technical capability to collect patient specific information.

Criminal Records

Michael Meacher: To ask the Secretary of State for Justice 
	(1)  whether the Data Protection Act 1998 prevents the Parole Board from putting information into the public domain on individual prisoners which might contribute to public protection;
	(2)  whether he has considered bringing forward changes to allow the Parole Board to put more information into the public domain for the protection of the public.

David Hanson: Where it is proposed to share information between public bodies, those bodies must always ensure that they have the power to share that data. Public bodies such as the Parole Board have the power under common law to divulge information for the purpose of public protection in certain circumstances. Therefore, no specific statutory power is required.
	Once is it established that such a power exists, those involved in disclosure must ensure that the exercise of the power to disclose is consistent with the legal framework established by the Data Protection Act 1998 ("the DPA").
	The DPA does not automatically preclude the Parole Board sharing information on individual offenders with the police and probation services if that is necessary to enable those services to carry out their statutory responsibilities to protect the public. Whether disclosure for these purposes is consistent with the DPA will always depend on the individual circumstances of each case ands whether the disclosure is truly necessary by reference to those facts.
	Where sharing of data of the type mentioned above takes place, the police and probation services may, in turn, disclose the information to individuals under their own powers, if it is necessary for them to do so in order to manage the risks posed by offenders.
	Taking all of the above into account, there are no proposals to amend legislation in respect of the disclosure of personal data as the current state of the law is sufficient to meet the requirements of public protection.

Prisons: Genito-urinary Medicine

Sandra Gidley: To ask the Secretary of State for Justice what access prisoners have to  (a) condoms,  (b) sexual health advice and  (c) testing for sexually transmitted infections.

David Hanson: Above all other considerations, prisons must maintain good order and discipline for people in custody. They should not therefore take any action that can be interpreted as encouraging overt sexual behaviour by prisoners.
	The Prison Service recognises that sex in prisons occur and that this brings with it associated public health concerns. Prison doctors therefore have authority to prescribe condoms if, in their clinical judgement, there is a risk of HIV infection or transmission of any other sexually transmitted illness.
	Condoms will not be made available to prisoners without appropriate information and guidance on sexual health education being given first.
	Primary care trusts (PCTs) now have commissioning and clinical governance responsibility for the health services provided within publicly managed prisons. Prisons and PCTs work together through managed co-ordination to ensure that the quality of health care delivered within prisons is comparable to that provided by the national health service for the wider community. Resource allocations are underpinned by prison health needs assessments.
	Sexual health is recognised to be an important health care need and therefore resources are allocated accordingly and to match the need within prisons.
	All prisoners undergo health reception screenings on entry into prison. This is a detailed questionnaire completed by health care staff interviewing the prisoner. It is designed to identify any long-term medical conditions, any use of prescribed medication, any history of alcohol or substance dependence, any mental health problems and any symptoms requiring urgent medical attention or indicating a need for review by a medical doctor.
	Health reception screenings do not include a screen for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or a blood test for HIV infection.
	Tests for STIs or HIV can be offered to prisoners following a risk assessment by a doctor, or other appropriately trained member of the health care team, if a prisoner presents with signs or symptoms of such infections or describes risk behaviour which may have exposed him or her to such infections.
	Prisoners are also able to request a screen for STIs or HIV if they believe that they may have been exposed to infection.